Serial Dilution Sources Of Error In Measurement Physics
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Although dilution of materials is generally accepted to involve some error, workers often assume that this error may be discounted. However, comparing solutions of.
Error Formula The measurement of an amount is based on some international standards which are completely accurate compared with others. Generally, measurement of any quantity is done by comparing it with derived standards with which they are not completely accurate. Thus, the are not only due to in methods, but are also due to derivation being not done perfectly well.
So, 100% measurement error is not possible with any methods. It is very important for the operator to take proper care of the experiment while performing on so that the error in measurement can be reduced. Some of the errors are constant in nature due to the unknown reasons, some will be random in nature, and the other will be due to gross blunder on the part of the experimenter. Errors in Measurement System An error may be defined as the difference between the measured value and the actual value. For example, if the two operators use the same device or instrument for finding the errors in measurement, it is not necessary that they may get similar results. There may be a difference between both measurements.
The difference that occurs between both the measurements is referred to as an ERROR. Sequentially, to understand the concept of errors in measurement, you should know the two terms that define the error. They are true value and the measured value. The true value is impossible to find out the truth of quantity by experimental means. It may be defined as the average value of an infinite number of measured values. Measured value can be defined as the estimated value of true value that can be found by taking several measured values during an experiment.
Types of Errors in Measurement System Generally errors are classified into three types: systematic errors, random errors and blunders. 1) Gross Errors 2) Blunders 3) Measurement Errors Systematic Errors • Instrumental Errors • Environmental Errors • Observational Errors • Theoretical Errors Random Errors. Types of Errors in Measurement System 1) Gross Errors Gross errors are caused by mistake in using, calculating measurement and recording data results. 
The best example of these errors is a person or operator reading pressure gage 1.01N/m2 as 1.10N/m2. It may be due to the person’s bad habit of not properly remembering data at the time of taking down reading, writing and calculating, and then presenting the wrong data at a later time. This may be the reason for gross errors in the reported data, and such errors may end up in calculation of the final results, thus deviating results.
2) Blunders Blunders are final source of errors and these errors are caused by faulty recording or due to a wrong value while recording a measurement, or misreading a scale or forgetting a digit while reading a scale. These blunders should stick out like sore thumbs if one person checks the work of another person. It should not be comprised in the analysis of data. 3) Measurement Error The is the result of the variation of a measurement of the true value. Usually, Measurement error consists of a random error and systematic error. The best example of the measurement error is, if electronic scales are loaded with 1kg standard weight and the reading is 10002grams, then The measurement error is = (1002grams-1000grams) =2grams Measurement Errors are classified into two types: systematic error and random errors Systematic Errors The Systematic errors that occur due to fault in the measuring device are known as systematic errors. Usually they are called as Zero Error – a positive or negative error.
These errors can be detached by correcting the These errors may be classified into different categories. • Instrumental Errors • Environmental Errors • Observational Errors • Theoritical Instrumental Errors Instrumental errors occur due to wrong construction of the. These errors may occur due to hysteresis or friction. These types of errors include loading effect and misuse of the instruments. In order to reduce the gross errors in measurement, different correction factors must be applied and in the extreme condition instrument must be recalibrated carefully. Environmental Errors The environmental errors occur due to some external conditions of the instrument.